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مدونة وسام فؤاد
مدونة وسام فؤاد
إعادة تعريف العلمانية.. إنقاذ أوطاننا من التمزق
Related to country: Egypt

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Returning of definition secular. Rescuing of countries our from the tear
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
Medal of Fouad

is wound of look in eye research - the political belonging - for the problematic facings the Islamic secularist in countries, and that polarization who exploited him the refusing strength for the democracy and the opponent have fun, and consecutive climbing and collapse of the dialogic case between the edges, wound of look for this phenomenon ['aHsst] in the joint responsibility for my edge the relationship towards lack our progress of countries; Whether at that the Islamic side or the secular side.

To the responsibility is not the only side who wanted proposed him [haahnaa] yet to the sign for reviewers annihilates from the secular case himself for her breath, and disturbance of the certitude around secular as cure social successful; Whether in the west or in our countries.

Not the review also she her kindness interviews. Where desires in to review of situations benefits from Islamic and our the secularists in countries in the addition for review the secular philosophers liberal for concept in returning understandable throwing new as entrance for reform the national case.


Firstly: Responsibilities of the edges about the paradox and retreat of the dialogue

discussion of case in this degree from the importance without discussion does not be possible the responsibilities about what machine to him our situations of countries. Fulfilled the frame raved the bulky responsibilities discuss for each from the edges Islamic and the political secularist about this positivism declining:

['a] - the secular responsibility: Initially the sign perishes until responsibility wrong in characteristic general division between the cases was secular and Islamic in Egypt, to responsibility of establishment is wrong secular shoulder the case falls on. We here to bidder sharpened in in place of or exchange of accusations. So all edge was for him ['axTaau'h] historic, hit us regarding pursuit of some roots formative perhaps in raved what dialogue of practical in her enriches respect.

So noticed that the Islamic fathers founded for project regenerative ([aalThTaawy] - Afghan - his slave) consciousness in dangers was on civilized crisis the breakage and what be possible to performs to him from exaggeration in language the Islamic speech or in his structure (in consideration the speech raved justified [aajthaadyaa]); Therefore their theses were [waaDH] in nature the debt and his essence and his importance, and as that towards the added value which the use be possible in her from the west, and was the entrance raved of which conscious bases for current exceeds the locked case which was the conscious attempt Al-Wahabiah coming from comparable with of Al-Jazeera for her generation inside current national and Arabic establishes in general. Fulfilled the frame raved establishes later on speech of Muslim brotherhood Muslim in hereafter the twenty, and he the speech who wide area from spectrums of the case accepted political and cultural then big area from his speech; Indeed was feared from strengthened him political because of the mobilizational power high for this movement. Perhaps leader situation the nation Egyptian historic: Mustafa the copper founded Pasha from candidacy Muslim brotherhood Muslim and her guide the first good professor the structures himself for the big elections the examples on this thesis, where the copper bargained the structures provided that nominating yields about himself opposite his grants freedom of the invitation for his method, and he what before him incited. Understanding enables the suspensive copper in that he the speech supports hit him occurrence of the dissension in the nation does not support what between the structures and between delegation code the big structures compete, and consequently the solution chose who realizes for him wanted together: The idea and withdrawal of the structures spread.

The good concept from speech the structures was that texts waves me bus in principles takes positive with worries the secular case. So the law refuses mastery men of the debt, and presence of priesthood refuses, favor about to political mastery and social and economic allows in his, at least in the Sunni belief. Just as that the law be equal between the Muslim and other than the Muslim in truth Al-Watan (the strong city as origin from Sunnis), and their their distinctiveness in yen in their truth of all blessing in the appealing for law. Perhaps situation of the doctor honored of slaves from the group was ['ayqwnt] for the complete understanding for speech of the group towards the Coptic case. Just as that the date fixs throughout journey of the vines Islamic that the Islam shackle does not put border on the method followed scientific in the flags natural. All what faces of the disagreement were from evident edges of the polarization from radical that the Islam is debt, and from will then so form structural against removal his attendance from the general domain.

Was then then her numerous speeches produced is group advocates of Sunnis which influenced in the throwing was [aalwhaaby] who was evaluated him real rescue of the belief of which followed in her from myths, ancestral favor about continuation the speeches (other than the drawings) and Al-Azhari (comparable with official who was still retreat suffers). Was expected to the secular movement in Egypt resorts - as example - to the average current and allies with him, and completes with him the journey with the preservation on the genealogical distance between them, especially and that then [mshrwe'aat] the abundant luck to the speeches towards cases Al-Watan cross then, favor about case the resistant colonization and requests of the independence from aspect and the formative tyranny on the other hand, and the rise from aspect accomplished third. Was radical in throwing the structures imitates in thesis of the return for the succession which be possible understood her in the frame of invitation Afghan for comprehensive Islamic.

Nevertheless slice from the youths who [ttlmdh] on hand Sheikh of Mohammed his slave does not stay that his understandable directions faced decisive towards import the secularist in form the opponent for the debt and not in his form the caller in presence neutral for the debt in his relationship in the state, and rose these in load concepts of fathers of the direction French in frame his Arabic from corner import secular as safety consolatory [wshbly] [shmyl] who demanded sharp their frankness in one of his books in import all what resulting his the west corroded followed was [qdhY] their intestines. Blessing was understandable to border as soon as this direction faces Christian of the scientist the cultured Arab the opponent for the debt, and in characteristic those who [trbwaa] cultural inside the teacher French which her slogan developed the procedural rebel to becomes ['ayqwnth] cultural: “[aashnqwaa] last last King in intestines pastor”. To secular fathers are the founders from Muslim breath of the method followed without that remainder of bridge leaves be possible with him the Islamic gap filled the secularist in favor of Al-Watan, and from without that real in attempt go to great pains [tbyy't] understandable and calming his within historic flow of current our consciousness and priority his and his agenda. The modernity was enemy these the complete alienation about the reality imitates in what accepted [aalHdaathy], and considered that similar to the view and the method who peer for him counterpart followed.

Origin of the battle, and be dedicated with her the negative image for the secular requests which do not breach wanders her from validity. Was hence the big loss which lost her Al-Watan in bet his on rapport the evident projects [aalHdaathy] from aspect and the renewals Islamic on the other hand.

So in exclusion removing of the debt about Al-Hayat or the general domain or the state, was claimant of the movement be exalted secular notable. So the civil settlement and the politician between the belongings for the different debts was the profound importance, and in characteristic with presence current Islamic investigation the adherence on account of discrepancy tries the belief and his collapses (roots and signs of the Islamic current radical). Just as cutting off of the tie between the state was important fathers as thesis occurrence of fraud from the state in the debt prevents followed becomes then legitimate benefits her the state from the debt. The freedoms were important case stand deserves fall case of the freedoms in cutters from the Islamic thought to degree prevents from what time of crisis happened “and herbs of the sea blamed for” and from before her crisis victory of Hamed Abu increased and changed them from the crises, in such a manner that her the relative to freedoms speak about the opinion and the expressing in considering personal freedoms, and from purchase wants the produced thoughts secular or the atheist corroded so he is free. So answers of all this questions and solutions of all this cases carries her the debt in inside him; Whether is carries her evident [baadyt] in text thinks me or cutting, or was carries her joining our in requirements of the texts. Does not harbor fertile ground favorable waits apart from to prevented [aajthaadyt] belonging for the country followed carries them their the self polarization and the struggle interior. The remainder was left for the negotiation social and political who blessing was expected that our the ruling method is for administration of disagreements.

The Islam was strong formed from formative consciousness and culture of the audiences, the secular movement demolished her effort be exalted and depleted be exalted endured her in removing his about the general domain without attempt of the use from endured him mobilizational voluntary forced. From aspect of second; Islamic suits their capacity in that the people alert until the removing raved not from the Islam in thing, and that some theses she is theses of dependence and following. Use elite of the state Haditha from the disagreement in the fixation for her raved place, and sharpness of the struggle deepened evident Islamic and the secularists, and that corroded [ytthnY] the removal have fun from practical gathered builder strong civilian restricts from her special project (project of the decay in nature of the situation in his political levels and economic). The edges do not be new: The Islams and the secularist while pleasure happens to [tdaanyhaa] pleasure, so go to extremes - all his edge in speech and his polarization - dangerous back the extremism Islamic corroded who was convinced in to what the secularists export about not to hamlet [bwaaHaa] huge amounts from the slander on the debt include.

The paradox big that the secular movement [tqm] in her purification of self interior, and speech of some book depended on secular who regrettable speeches carried [wmsfaa], the secular situation harmed for himself, and arrows in devoting and filling of the people against her, and as to from these writer vulva so liked who wrong fall his victim of method descends for his and his writings which informed on some her [wHznt] punching [aaltdlys] and the slander and the lie who resorted to him the man in deformation raved image of the debt and the scientists lacs justifies his speech. The secular movement was acquaintance of the difference evident [aal'isfaaf] [waaltdlys] and in secular yen the movement lit. Doubt in expansion followed [aalbwn] between searching of identicals “the understandable text” or writings of gentleman feeds me and in yen what was writes him widened so liked and his examples. So writings of the doctors victory of Hamed Abu increased and gentleman feeds me and goodness of Hanafi was writings have fun methodical scientific, and returns have fun, and her the stop enables on basis, and the taking with him or his cash, to is [aalsbaab] [waaltdlys] who slice from the book wrap up secular does not harbor then my power for Islam on the challenge have fun. Ignition of the war was the substitute he which went sacrificed her Al-Watan.

In - the Islamic responsibility: To the responsibility is the secular edge and his did not receive on border. To control already the mental jihad in portrayed him lingual (so his elderberry) on mentality Islamic during the period from end the forty oasis is middle the ninety from horned the twenty. While still [Hmaay'm] Islamic plateau falcons of the movement tries Islamic fixation of foot the review in the dialogue the secularist, favor about falcons of rightist generality the current Islamic stands on mined line waits from his lighting volunteers for, and what most the possible volunteers to accomplishing of this task; From enemies of the reform in [aaldaaxl] or enemies of Al-Watan outside.

From within responsibility Islamic that she does not try that devoting of the practical polarization political from her content the struggles in direction the arrival to solving in him country's interest. Indeed that dialogic operation national does not harbor have fun to is complete to considering reconciled that understandable secular social concept, effort straightens on formed him society from gathered for confrontation his historic crisis, and that for our special debt of crisis which her frame be possible in as Islamic to renewal reports from understandable: Concept secular instead of the fight around him. Does not envision the Islamic concept outside circle raved the hamlet or the negative situation from the debt (and with them genealogical truth in the sight for method the secular taking). Your hill was breath formative which fears appoint as ruler secular from possibilities the smiling tyranny the debt (and with them genealogical truth because of advance submission the situation Islamic for view of loan without sight while allows in him the origins from renewal). So the mental battle which appoint as ruler Islamic cancellation afflicted for allergic towards the term and towards his historic circumstance and genealogical evidence raved the circumstance, and evidence of this relativity in possibility of renewal understandable or settling his [wtbyy'th].

The time asks: Why plateau that some concepts be possible that formation in place of review and estimate for special our in her frame, while some concepts and the terms is distanced what possibilities of the review and the development be possible about and estimate of considerations special in him. Why this selectivity? [syHaar] the researchers the examiners in answer identicals raved the national question the adequate searching about reasons that unjust selectivity in the services. Does not prevent the confusion from rising raved some loyal patriots in presentation of visions conspiratorial her meaning that some Arabic governments interior and external plays in the cultural strength political and her struggles and political [l'ajl] her security of stability. In in addition to striving some regimes for acquisition religious legitimacy about road of efforts [t'ajyj] this facings between the secularist and the Islam.

For that the cultural cases the secularist and Islamic in Egypt in adequate characteristic Arab world in general against the theory conspiratorial; So indeed group from research conversion of categories rose in the theoretical conspiracy this to hypotheses her test is complete the scientific method reconciled, jump in the test the experimental flags that this categories is correct. Yet and some studies proved that this vines was some times interfere in [l'ajl] detention one of of the Islamic cadres when exports about him some political categories which the agreement and the discussion and the renewal says in, and when exports about him from his prison what the strictness indicates about the government was evacuating of way straightens in his and releasing of freedom his in the movement and the dealing with the press (example on [blHaaj] in Algeria and his situations justified blessing the rapport national). Yet indeed some vines was the strength benefit from the Islamic disagreement the secularist in fierce attack which was the renewal and the reform and the democracy on considering calls to that the democracy is hamlet (and the stop on nature enables the speech in analysis raved secured newspaper Muslim Saudi Arabia which leading from London was in the eighty and Arabic pressures and western stopped under). That period lived which was in her jurists of this state consider the democracy hamlet [bwaaHaa] and overt exits on governorship of Allah just as restricted her miracles of violence the honorable table which sees that relationship democratic in her wrong efforts were.

The Islamic movement does not stand she also stood her strict. Breakage sharpness of the isolation and the confrontation does not try, and her replacement in personal relationships between the secular epicardiums and Islamic; Sharpness of the polarization breaks, and formation most power on making the dialogue is method of life, and last making of openness the mind and the acceptance good for the opinion in the frame of the readiness for the sight in him and not snatched him in purpose of the tearing and the reply.


Secondly: Secular review the scene. [wdlaalaathaa]

one of movements of the review does not disguise on which leaderships groups of organization of the jihad export about and the Islamic group their the Egyptians towards situations from method of the violence in the political change. Just as [yxf] on us that the Islamic movement average was first the edges which movement of review rose in for literary her, and scents of this movement from the review avowed a lot from literary her previous, and her slice modified about from thoughts and made her the reviewer looted for, and spread what reviewed and what group from the pamphlets avowed in identicals of the brothers in her situations from democratic and cases of the woman and cases of the citizen and the last debts. ['ilx]. Followed disguises likewise method of the consultation who follows him her the group in dealing with her plenty from thesis and from her the party thesis last which the group praised about her in June 2007, and which the newspapers spread towards her consulted her for group from thinking around in her clubs of program and the doctor was from in their yen the Coptic thinker gentle lover.

The secular direction also alternative suffers offers of the illness who the review required. Truth, hit me the sadness for that I serious cycle of the review starts insisting blessing. Attends me in peace be upon him raved the respect statement of the prophet who his meaning that Egyptian welfare soldiers of the land, and appears that our national personality plenty in the shocks does not gather which the clashes pursued and the crash bundles on and extra crash, so she is personality excels [aaltmtrs] behind any metallic armors or conceptual [tsaaq] to us without attempt looking into nature of this armors and her characteristics. Attends me in the respect raved what time happened “crisis of the veil” which statements minister of the Egyptian culture followed so porticos of good in ancestors 2007. So this statements came in timing the political strength were in him amount from the dialogue and attempts of exploration accumulated the national service real, and attempt apprehension of the real enemy is enemy democratic and the reform promised the freedoms, and the political strength met in complete her against [mshrwe'aat] the bequest and restriction of the press [wtljym] the judgement, and alternatives for the all - special custodian in characteristic - that Egypt on the point of incident bring good news in the happy mature product, and suddenly; Collapses statements of Egyptian minister the culture in your stormed hill the hopes and the dreams, and the strength found [aalmlty'mt] the union [ttbe'thr] strengthened her, [wtxwr] unified her, and get torn spoke her, and her dignity scatters, and fear of gathering and her loses her conglomeration, all that collected stubborn feet of case less what was be possible [lle'qlaa'] that says him towards her that she personal freedom.

In spite of that operation of review the secular view started in the west early on hands the new left, except that beginnings breakage of solidity the suspensive Arabic thoughts towards the secularist in our scientist what the intellectual flag prominent exported about the propellant doctor Abdul Wahab from practical returning of definition for the concept and cognitive rebuilding the examples and the connected interpretations in him and in his attendance in the Arabic consciousness. The doctor exceeded dualism secular which she either [aallaadyny] Non Religious or against the debt Anti Religious, and the sight returns for secular in consideration her living example straightens on our cognitive replacement the strength material and natural in place of the god in example for live and our method of dealing with her. Throwing of the doctor was extreme Abdul Wahab propellant in sight of the plenty in photography his for her the western secularist in the society in considering against the human who sees him present in the family the western adequate friendship adequate many areas from the general work. ['ilx], and he what crossed for me about him the doctor Haytham [mnaae'] our twofold dialogue on margin one of workshop of the work which attended her the Arabic net for informations of truths be equal in the human. However I sees that this radical [aalmsyryt] movement degree of blessing the conscious cash between group from the Arabic thinkers and Muslim and other than the Muslim and other than Arabic, and dialogic case of output produced from her group from knowledgeable and the philosophers examples of John ['isbwzytw] and atmospheres of Keene [we'zaam] Al-Tamimi [wbyrfyz] Mansour, and changes them many, in monetary view strong for the secular situation was to annihilates for us from standing with her. This theses within joint book for the thinkers spread the five; Entitled: The Islam and the secularist in the Middle East, and his liberation followed the professor John ['isbwzytw].

The essential thesis for the numerous contributors says in the book raved that current secular in countries the Middle East, and especially the Arabic vines, and strong retrogressions in favor of suffer Islamic current the thought. وللتأسيس لهذه الأطروحة يقدم جون إسبوزيتو، بروفيسور الأديان والعلاقات الدولية في جامعة جورج تاون، استعراضا لوضع العلمانية في الشرق الأوسط في بدايات القرن الواحد والعشرين، يركز فيه على ما يراه تراجعا مستمرا للعلمانية، ليس فقط على مستوى الغالبية العامة عند الناس في المنطقة، بل وأيضا على مستوى النخب. وألمح إسبوزيتو لملاحظته أن النخب العلمانية الحاكمة في أكثر من بلد لم تستطع استيعاب هذا التراجع أو القبول به، وقد أشار إلى أن السبب الأساسي وراء هذا التراجع ما أسماه "العلمانية الأصولية"، التي رأى أن مصدر تهديدها للعمانية كخيار ما تمثل في أنها لم تطرح العلمانية كخيار من الخيارات بل باعتبارها السبيل والخيار الأوحد الذي يجب أن تنهجه المجتمعات العربية والإسلامية.

المشكلة الكبيرة التي كشف المفكرون النقاب عنها في كتاباتهم التي تلت أن النخب العلمانية الحاكمة لا تريد أن تعترف بالتغيرات الاجتماعية والفكرية والسياسية الجذرية التي حدثت ولا تزال تحدث في داخل المجتمعات العربية وخارجها، حيث برزت التيارات الشعبية غير العلمانية وتحديدا الإسلامية، ولم تكن النخب العلمانية ترى وسيلة للتعامل مع هذه التغيرات إلا قطع الطريق عليها وقمعها، وما هذا التحالف المشبوه مع الدولة العربية المستبدة إلا أحد أوجه خيار قمع هذه الحركات الاجتماعية.

والمفارقة الغريبة التي يلتفت إليها البروفيسور إسبوزيتو أن العلمانية في الشرق الأوسط صارت متلازمة مع الدكتاتورية؛ رغم أنها تزعم الحرية والانفتاح والديمقراطية الليبرالية. ويضرب أمثلة على ذلك بتحالف الجيش وأجهزة الأمن مع النخب العلمانية الحاكمة لإحباط التحولات الديمقراطية، سواء فوز الجبهة الإسلامية للإنقاذ في الجزائر، أو فوز حزب الرفاه في أكثرية المقاعد البرلمانية في تركيا وتسلم أربكان للوزارة، أو فوز حركة النهضة التونسية بعدد كبير من المقاعد في الانتخابات التونسية التي سبقت حل الحركة وإعلان الحرب عليها، أو لجوء الرئيس المصري للجيش عندما يشعر أن شرعيته وشعبيته في ترد مستمر.

ولم يلبث البروفيسور جون كين، أستاذ العلوم السياسية في جامعة وستمينستر أن طرح سؤالا يراه مثيرا لاستفزاز العلمانيين، وهو فيما إذا كانت العلمانية تحول دون حرية التفكير في الديمقراطية نفسها، وبأنها تحولت إلى دوجما سياسية. وقد صرح جون كين بأن العلمانية تحمل تناقضات داخلية لا يمكن القفز عنها، رغم أنها تناقضات لا تصل إلى حد إسقاط العلمانية من الداخل. أول التناقضين دعوتها إلى حرية العبادة وحرية الاجتماع الديني، الذي يقود في نهاية المطاف، كما هو الحال الراهن، إلى زيادة رقعة الدين، والدعوات الدينية للتدخل في الشأن العام والسياسة باعتبار أن للدين دورا مهما يمكن أن يؤديه في السياسة. ففي الوقت الذي لا تستطيع فيه العلمانية إلا أن تعترف وتسمح بحرية الأديان والممارسة الدينية، فإنها تعترف بتناقض داخلي يعمل على تقويضها، وهي لا تستطيع أن تقف في وجهه لأنها تفقد صفتها الليبرالية الأساسية. وثاني التناقضين يتمثل في ترافق "عدم اليقين الوجودي" مع العلمانية ليحل محل اليقين الديني عند الأفراد، وهذا لا يشبع التطلعات الإنسانية والروحية عند الناس خاصة في عالم مليء بالضغوط والتوترات حيث يحاول الأفراد الوصول إلى سبل السكينة والراحة الخلاصية على المستوى الداخلي لهم، وحيث تبرز أهمية "التضامن الديني".

وأشار كين إلى تناقض داخلي آخر هو تقارب العلمانية مع الدكتاتورية تحت مسميات عديدة. ويضرب مثلا على ذلك تركيا وإلى حد ما فرنسا، ففي الأولى تتحالف العلمانية مع الدكتاتورية العسكرية تحت مسميات حماية الدستور العلماني من تصاعد المد الإسلامي، وفي الثانية تتحالف العلمانية مع ممارسات دكتاتورية مثل منع الحجاب أو التضييق على المسلمين تحت مسمى الاندماج أو محاربة التعددية الثقافية.

أما برفيز منصور، وهو كاتب وباحث إسلامي آسيوي، فقد ساهم في هذا الكتاب بدراسة عميقة تدعو إلى تفكيك "القداسة" عن العلمانية، ونقض الادعاء السائد بأنها موئل الحقيقة والعلم. ودعا إلى ضرورة عدم التعامل مع العلمانية باعتبارها "نظرية كبرى" قادرة على تفسير كل الظواهر، أو جاهزة للتطبيق في كل مكان وزمان. وقد أشار برويز منصور إلى أن من العبث اعتبار كل النقاش العلماني – الإسلامي وكأنه صراع بين قيم الإسلام الإيمانية ومنطلقات الحداثة العقلانية، أو بين رغبة الإسلام للتمكن والنظام العالمي المتمكن، وحاول تقديم طرح إنساني فلسفي آني قوامه أن الصراع بين الإسلام والعلمانية هو صراع بين الإيمان بصورته الإسلامية الذي يجسد ما هو متجاوز والافتراض العلماني الثيوقراطي بأن الحقيقة التامة قد تم الوصول إليها عبر افتراضات العلم التي لم تثبت صحتها بدرجة يقين عالية.

أما الدكتور عبد الوهاب المسيري فقد حدد ملامح العلمانية كمنهج حياة بأنه المنهج الذي تحل فيه المادة/الطبيعة محل الإله في المنظومة الثقافية التي تدير حياة العلماني ومجتمعه، ورأى أن هذه الرؤية بدأت بأيديولوجية مجدت الإنسان ودعت لوضعه وعقله في مركز إدارة المنظومات الاجتماعية والحياتية، ولكن المنظومة طردت الإنسان كقيمة اجتماعية وعقل، وأحلت محله كل القوى المادية التي أدت لمعاداة العلمانية للإنسان في النهاية، ومنها قوى السوق التي حولت الإنسان لمستهلك، وقوى الربح التي حولت الإنسان لسلعة أو شئ يعرض في الواجهات التجارية ويباع ويشترى؛ وهو ما عبر عنه الدكتور المسيري بنحت مصطلحي التسلع أو التشيؤ كدوال لغوية تعبر عن هذه الحالة من حالات الاغتراب نتيجة العلمنة المادية، وهناك أيضا قوى المصنع التي عصفت بالحقوق الأساسية للإنسان سواء أكانت حقوقا اقتصادية أو اجتماعية، وثمة كذلك قوى السياسية التي عصفت مكيافيلليتها بالأخلاق.. إلخ. هذه التجليات أفزعتنا ونحن مع الدكتور عبد الوهاب المسيري في صالونه؛ فأوضح لنا أن هذا هو النموذج، وأن الناس تقاوم ضمنا النموذج العلماني الكامل لأنها تشعر أنه سيسحقها. فماذا تبقى بعد ذلك من مفهوم العلمانية؟!

إن كان لي أن أعلق على هذه الأطروحات فإن تعليقي ينصرف إلى أن هذه الأطروحات قضت على المفهوم كمنتج فلسفي من ناحية، وأجهزت عليه كمفهوم اجتماعي يؤدي وظيفة اجتماعية/سياسية/ثقافية من ناحية ثانية. فهذه المراجعات فرغت مفهوم العلمانية من مضمونه تماما، حتى وإن أصر البروفيسور جون كين على موقفه القاضي بأن تناقضات المفهوم لا تؤدي لتقويضه.

والواقع أن الدكتور عبد العزيز صقر، وهو أحد أبرز الباحثين المهمين الذين درسوا علاقة الدين بالدولة قد أنتج بحوثا ودراسات معمقة ترصد علاقة الدين بالدولة وبالمجال العام في كل من أوروبا والولايات المتحدة وأمريكا اللاتينية وآسيا، واختص كل قارة من هذه القارات بكتاب منفصل، وكانت الصيغة التي عبرت بها تلك الكتب عن الظاهرة تتمثل في الحديث عن أنماط علاقات الدين بالمجال العام؛ والخصوصيات الجغرافية التي ميزت الأجنحة القارية عن بعضها؛ وأسباب ذلك، وخلاصة الكتب جميعا إن المؤسسات الدينية لم تخرج يوما من دائرة المجال العام في هذه القارات الأربع، بل لها علاقات وثيقة بشخوص ورموز المجال العام، ولن يكون مفاجأة أن نشير إلى أن الإدارة الأمريكية اليمينية استعانت بأشخاص كانوا ضمن بيروقراطية البيت الأبيض منذ أمد، بما يعني أن إبعاد الدين عن المجال العام كان من وجهة نظر الدكتور عبد العزيز صقر أكذوبة.

هذه الرؤية ترتبط بأطروحة طورتها منذ أمد؛ مفادها أن العلمانية كانت مفهوما أيديولوجيا برر إقصاء الكنيسة عن دائرة القرار الفرنسي في لحظة تاريخية معينة، لكن هذه اللحظة لسبب أو لآخر تمكنت من أن تتحول لمرجعية استعصت على السقوط بالتقادم. ومهما كان ما وصلنا إليه؛ فإن ملامح المشهد الآنية تشي بأن مفهوم العلمانية قد جرى تفريغه من محتواه ومضمونه الفلسفي من ناحية، والتاريخي الاجتماعي الوظيفي من ناحية ثانية. وهو ما استدعى تطوير الاقتراب منه في بيئتنا العربية والإسلامية.


نحو اجتهاد جديد حيال مفهوم العلمانية

إذا كانت شهادة الخبراء والمستشرقين قد أفادت بسوء حالة وضع العلمانية كمفهوم وكوظيفة اجتماعية في عالمنا العربي، من زاوية كونها قد فشلت في التعاطي مع الإسلام كدين له خصائص متمايزة عن خصائص الديانة المسيحية بعامة، ومتمايزة عن الخبرة الأوروبية في أواخر القرن 18 بصفة خاصة، وبما أنها كانت مصدرا لتبرير الاستبداد والالتفاف حول الديمقراطية، وبما أنها تحوي ضمنها التناقضات التي أدت إلى فقدان الثقة بدورها الاجتماعي، وبما أن الاتجاهات الفلسفية الحديثة ترفض التعاطي معها كنظرية شاملة، كل هذه الاعتبارات دعتنا للاحتجاج على تداول المفهوم بصورته الحالية.

لم يكن بدعا أن تثور الحالة التركية في وجه المفهوم الذي أدى لتقويض الإرادة الشعبية التركية، وإن كا

April 24, 2008 | 6:39 PM Comments  0 comments

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